Water Supply Planning

It's Easy to Take Water for Granted

Without much thought, you turn on the faucet and water flows out. We see water all around us in Florida, which averages more rain in a year (50-60 inches) than most other states. How could water supply ever be a worry in South Florida?

Growing Demand for Limited Water Resources

More than 3 billion gallons of water are used every day in central and southern Florida by 9 million residents and millions of visitors – for drinking and bathing, watering our lawns, growing our crops and servicing our industries. With increasing water demands, the region's traditional freshwater sources may not be enough to inexpensively meet all future water needs.

Planning for Future Needs

South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) proactively develops long-term water supply plans to monitor, evaluate and identify water sources and projects to meet the future water needs throughout its 16-county region. As part of its mission, the SFWMD ensures there are sufficient water supplies to meet the needs of the region’s residents, visitors, and the environment – now and in the future. Water supply planning, water conservation and the use of alternative water supplies are essential to meet the growing demand on limited water resources.

SFWMD staff works with the District’s partners, stakeholders, and members of the public to develop regional water supply plans for five planning areas encompassing the District that evaluate current and future water demands and identify water sources for all of South Florida’s needs while protecting the water resources and the environment. Water supply plans look at least 20 years into the future and are updated every five years to stay current with growth trends.

The most effective way to address this challenge is through water supply planning, conservation and the development and use of alternative water supplies to supplement our traditional water supply.

Some examples of alternative water supply include:

Saline water sources and reverse osmosis treatment– using brackish (salty) water from deeper aquifers for drinking water
Aquifer storage and recovery – storing water in an aquifer system when there is excess water and recovering the stored water during dry times when it is needed
Reclaimed water use – using reclaimed, treated water for irrigating residential lots, golf courses and other green spaces and for groundwater recharge and industrial uses

Through technical and funding assistance, the South Florida Water Management District helps local governments meet state requirements and protect our water resources.

To match projected water use determined in the water supply plans with actual water use, the South Florida Water Management District issues permits that determine how much water city and county utilities and other large users are allowed to withdraw from our shared underground water reserves.

We are not the agency responsible for delivering or treating the water you use in your home or business. If you have questions about your water bill or rates, water pressure or drinking water quality, you should contact your city or county or utility. The same is true for sewage treatment questions.

Related Links

Utility Rate Survey

The SFWMD Utility Rate Survey Report provides an inventory of the water and wastewater rates of utilities within the District’s boundaries. The purpose of the report is to assess the pricing of water within the District’s boundaries and to inventory the region’s use of rate structures that encourage water efficiency. Rate structures are set by individual water providers and vary widely in complexity and cost, reflecting the difference in water supply sources, treatment processes, infrastructure, debt service and other factors.

Estimated Water Use Report

The SFWMD 2023 Estimated Water Use Report is a compilation of estimated water use in six use categories within SFWMD's region for calendar year 2023. The report is based primarily on water pumpage records reported pursuant to water use permitting requirements.

In 2023, approximately 2,549 million gallons per day (mgd) of surface water and groundwater were used in the following categories:

Public Supply (1,164 mgd)
Domestic Self-Supply (41 mgd)
Commercial/Industrial/Institutional (137 mgd)
Agriculture (845 mgd)
Landscape/Recreation (353 mgd)
Power Generation (9 mgd)

Of the 2,549 mgd, approximately 1,693 mgd were derived from groundwater sources and 856 mgd were derived from surface water sources, with 2,325 mgd being fresh water and 224 mgd considered saline water. Additionally, approximately 257 mgd of reclaimed water were used, primarily for landscape irrigation and, to a lesser extent, industrial and power generation uses.

The District began preparing annual water use estimation reports with 2014 data. Publication time for each report accounts for submittal of water use data by users, data entry and verification, data analysis and compilation and report development. To see previous reports:

For water use reports from other agencies:

SFWMD Draft 2025 Five-Year Water Resource Development Work Program

The South Florida Water Management District Governing Board has prepared its Draft Fiscal Year 2025 Five-Year Water Resource Development Work Program (Program) in accordance with Section 373.536(6)(a)4., Florida Statutes (F.S.). The report covers Fiscal Years 2025-2029, which spans October 1, 2024, through September 30, 2029. Contents in the document describe the District’s implementation strategies for the water resource development component of each District-approved regional water supply plan (developed or updated pursuant to Section 373.709, F.S.). The Draft Program documentsare available for review here:

Water Supply Cost Estimation Study

Development costs of alternative water supply options play an important role in evaluating alternatives associated with water supply planning. This Water Supply Cost Estimation Study (March 2023) compiles information and cost data for water supply development costs (including capital and operation and maintenance costs) utilizing engineering costs, construction costs, and cost estimating relationships for projects constructed within the last 10 years. Other cost sources such as RSMeans, suppliers, contractors, and vendors were also used where appropriate. The study provides cost data (in December 2021 dollars) for development costs for the following alternative water supply options and treatment facilities:

Water Supply Wells
Advanced Water Treatment Technologies
Water Reclamation and Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies
Deep Injection Wells
Aquifer Storage and Recovery
Surface Water Storage
Pipeline Systems